clause和sentence的区别为：指代不同、用法不同、侧重点不同
一、指代不同
1、clause：从句，分句。
2、sentence：句子。
二、用法不同
1、clause：从句，是复句中具有分属地位的分句，它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。A clause is a subordinate clause in a complex sentence. 在现代汉语的语法中，“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。
2、sentence：sentence的基本意思是“宣判，判决”，一般指法庭在审判之后决定和宣布对某人进行惩罚，用作及物动词，接名词或代词作宾语，还可接以动词不定式充当宾语补足语的复合宾语。
三、侧重点不同
1、clause：是一句话的附属部分。
2、sentence：是一个表达完整的结构。
其区别如下：
1、article 常指法律体系中大纲类法律文件中关于具体内容的描述条款：
Article 180 states that one third of the members must be women.
2、section 常指法律体系中执行类法律文件中关于具体事项的描述条款：
The court ruled under section 82 of the Land Registration Act.
3、clause 常指遗嘱、合同或条约等法律文件中陈述具体义务、条件等的某条某款：
A clause in the contract states that the fee will be returned in case of
nonperformance.
4、此外，哥仨亦可按顺序理解成：文章、段落、句子。
He writen and posted a newest article up on the Internet last week, which there is a clause in certian section so quickly quoted from by other writer a couple of hours later.
clause=从句
sentence=句子，包括主句和从句
由此可见，sentence的范围比clause要大。
如果您认可我的答案，请点击下面的“选为满意回答”按钮，谢谢！
statement
英 ['ste?tm(?)nt] 美 ['stetm?nt]
n. 声明；陈述，叙述；报表，清单
sentence
英 ['sent(?)ns] 美 ['s?nt?ns]
n. [语][计] 句子，命题；宣判，判决
sentence
[英]['sent?ns][美][?s?nt?ns]
n.句子; 宣判;
vt.宣判，判决;
第三人称单数：sentences过去分词：sentenced复数：sentences现在进行时：sentencing过去式：sentenced
1.N-COUNT句子A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.
2.N-VAR判决;宣判;判刑In a law court, a sentence is the punishment that a person receives after they have been found guilty of a crime.
They are already serving prison sentences for their part in the assassination...
他们因参与这起刺杀已经开始在监狱服刑了。
He was given a four-year sentence...
他被判了4年徒刑。
The offences carry a maximum sentence of 10 years.
这些罪行最高可判 10 年徒刑。
...demands for tougher sentences...
从严量刑的要求
The court is expected to pass sentence later today.
预计法院今天晚些时候会宣布判决。
3.VERB判决;宣判;判刑When a judge sentences someone, he or she states in court what their punishment will be.语法信息
A military court sentenced him to death in his absence...
一所军事法庭在他缺席的情况下判处他死刑。
She was sentenced to nine years in prison...
她被判 9 年徒刑。
He has admitted the charge and will be sentenced later.
他已经认罪，会在晚些时候宣判。
1. 徒刑
2. 宣判,判决
3. 判决,宣判
4. 判断
5. 命题
6. 判处
7. 语句
under sentence of
1. 被判刑
he was under sentence of death.
他被判处死刑。
同义词
n.
1. 审判,刑罚
decisioncondemnationprisonpunishmentpenaltyjudgmenttermrulingdecreetime
v.
1. 宣判,判决,判罪,宣告有罪
thetermpasstopunishprisonoutsendthrowsentencerulebookjusticepronouncedoomajudgepenalizeatgivemetejudgmentonimprisonriverupcondemn
其他释义
convictionresolutionclausejusticefinding
收起
例句:
双语英语
1.
This last sentence is very revealing.
这最后一句非常说明问题。
article.yeeyan.org
2.
The sentence was not usually completed.
这样的句子通常都没有结尾。
www.ftchinese.com
5.
Anwar faced a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison if convicted.
如果安瓦尔被判有罪，他可能被判处20年徒刑。
并列句（Compound Sentence）
并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲，所谓"并列"、"对等"是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思，谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此，这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系。否则，它们就可能被分别写成简单句，而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了。在并列句中，要使两个或几个主谓结构（或者说，分句）连接在一起，就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：
表示转折意思 : but , yet , however , nevertheless
例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself .
一切都是身外之物，只用健康属于自己。
He has learned English for only one year, yet he can communicate with people in English . 他才学一年英文，但已能用英文与人交往了。
John has his shortcomings; however, that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job . 约翰有缺点，但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作。
表示因果关系: or , so , therefore , hence
例：You'd better take an umbrella with you, for it's going to rain. 要下雨了，你最好带把伞。
I've got a meeting to attend, so I have to go now. 我要去开个会，我得走了。
You are in the right , therefore we should support you . 你是对的，所以我们该支持你。
The town was built on the side of a hill, hence it's named Hillside . 这个小镇建在山旁，所以叫"山旁"。
表示并列关系
and , or , either…or , neither / nor , not only…but (also), both…and , as well as
例：She came to my house yesterday evening, and Iwent to hers . 昨晚她来我家了，我却去她家了。
Do it this way or you'll be in trouble . 你就这么办，不然你会有麻烦的。
Either you tell him the truth , or I do it . 不是你告诉他事实，就是我来告诉。
He doesn't know your address, neither / nor do I. 他不知道你的地址，我也不知道。
复合句（Complex Sentence）
复合句明显地不同于简单句，因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看，它与并列句相似。其实不然，后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的，其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句（Subordinate Clause）。
复合句里的从句种类较多，引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词。关于从属连词的具体使用将在"从句"的有关章节里再作介绍。另外，这里所说的"从属"关系，是指从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义；从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了。请看下列句子：
Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at moviesas well . （状语从句）
许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话，所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。
Whether he comes or not doesn't make any differenceto me .
（主语从句）他来与不来对我都一样。
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
（宾语从句）什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。
China is not what it used to be . （表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了。
Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ?
（同位语从句）有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品？
Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government .
（定语从句）税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。
如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来，那将是这样的：
Because they talk at home while the television is on
Whether he comes or not
what money is and how money is measured
what it used to be
that the food of plant differs from that of animals
that people pay to support their government
由于上面这些句子既不是陈述句，也不是疑问句，所以它们无法独立地表达意思。这种情况就是与并列句的区别所在。如前面两个这样的并列句：
Do it this way or you'll be in trouble.
Either you tell him the truth , or I do it .
如果我们去掉这两句中的并列连词，它们就成了四个能独立表达意思的单句了：
Do it this way
you'll be in trouble
you tell him the truth
I do it
撇开首字母大小写和标点符号问题，从表达意义的角度讲，这四个句子是可以成立的。从上述的分析，我们还可以悟出这样的道理：
一、并列句中的并列连词纯粹似"粘合济"，去掉后，被粘合的部分就分开独立了；而复合句中的从属连词则象一把"固定锁头"，锁头与其所在的部分是不可以分开的。
二、从句其实是用来担当句子成分（除谓语外）的主谓结构，它的标志就是它句首的"锁头"--从属关系词。那么，我们在阅读时，凡是看到某个句子以关系词开头，就可大胆地断定这个句子不是主句，而只是句中的某个成分。这样做对提高我们的阅读能力是大有好处的。
compound sentence 并列句 complex sentence复合句
并列句（Compound Sentence）
并列句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构.这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的.从语法上讲,所谓"并列"、"对等"是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思,谁也不从属于谁.尽管如此,这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上有一定程度的内在联系.否则,它们就可能被分别写成简单句,而没有必要写在一起构成并列句了.在并列句中,要使两个或几个主谓结构（或者说,分句）连接在一起,就要用并列连词.并列连词用来连接平行对等（即互不从属）的分句.按其表示的不同意思有下面几种：
A.表示转折意思 :but ,yet ,however ,nevertheless
例：Everything in the world is outside you but health belongs to yourself .
一切都是身外之物,只用健康属于自己.
He has learned English for only one year,yet he can communicate with people in English .他才学一年英文,但已能用英文与人交往了.
John has his shortcomings; however,that doesn't mean he is not qualified for the job .约翰有缺点,但这不等于说他不胜任这份工作.
B.表示因果关系:or ,so ,therefore ,hence
例：You'd better take an umbrella with you,for it's going to rain.要下雨了,你最好带把伞.
I've got a meeting to attend,so I have to go now.我要去开个会,我得走了.
You are in the right ,therefore we should support you .你是对的,所以我们该支持你.
The town was built on the side of a hill,hence it's named Hillside .这个小镇建在山旁,所以叫"山旁".
C.表示并列关系
and ,or ,either…or ,neither / nor ,not only…but (also),both…and ,as well as
例：She came to my house yesterday evening,and Iwent to hers .昨晚她来我家了,我却去她家了.
Do it this way or you'll be in trouble .你就这么办,不然你会有麻烦的.
Either you tell him the truth ,or I do it .不是你告诉他事实,就是我来告诉.
He doesn't know your address,neither / nor do I.他不知道你的地址,我也不知道.
复合句（Complex Sentence）
复合句明显地不同于简单句,因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构.从表面上看,它与并列句相似.其实不然,后者的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；而复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的,其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的,其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构.那个主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句（Main Clause）；其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句（Subordinate Clause）.
复合句里的从句种类较多,引起不同的从句要用不同的从属连词.关于从属连词的具体使用将在"从句"的有关章节里再作介绍.另外,这里所说的"从属"关系,是指从句只有和主句在一起才能有意义；从句若从主句那里独立出来就无法表达意义了.请看下列句子：
Because they talk at home while the television is on ,many people think they can talk at moviesas well .（状语从句）
许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此.
Whether he comes or not doesn't make any differenceto me .
（主语从句）他来与不来对我都一样.
There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured.
（宾语从句）什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧.
China is not what it used to be .（表语从句）中国不是它过去的样子了.
Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals
（同位语从句）有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品?
Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government .
（定语从句）税款是人们支持政府而交的钱.
如果将上面所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的：
Because they talk at home while the television is on
Whether he comes or not
what money is and how money is measured
what it used to be
that the food of plant differs from that of animals
that people pay to support their government
由于上面这些句子既不是陈述句,也不是疑问句,所以它们无法独立地表达意思.这种情况就是与并列句的区别所在.如前面两个这样的并列句：
Do it this way or you'll be in trouble.
Either you tell him the truth ,or I do it .
如果我们去掉这两句中的并列连词,它们就成了四个能独立表达意思的单句了：
Do it this way
you'll be in trouble
you tell him the truth
I do it
撇开首字母大小写和标点符号问题,从表达意义的角度讲,这四个句子是可以成立的.从上述的分析,我们还可以悟出这样的道理：
一、并列句中的并列连词纯粹似"粘合济",去掉后,被粘合的部分就分开独立了；而复合句中的从属连词则象一把"固定锁头",锁头与其所在的部分是不可以分开的.
二、从句其实是用来担当句子成分（除谓语外）的主谓结构,它的标志就是它句首的"锁头"--从属关系词.那么,我们在阅读时,凡是看到某个句子以关系词开头,就可大胆地断定这个句子不是主句,而只是句中的某个成分.这样做对提高我们的阅读能力是大有好处的.
复合句、复杂句的区分
I. 简单句（Simple sentence）主语+谓语+宾语
I love my Mom.
I go to school everyday.
II. 复合句（ Compound Sentence）
Beijing is in the North and Nanjing is in the South.
(特点：When two independent clauses, or complete sentences are joined together, they form one compound sentence.
复合句是由两个独立的句子组合在一起构成的。例句中，有下面两个完整并且独立的句子组成：
Beijing is in the North.
Nanjing is in the South.
III. 复杂句（Complex Sentence）
My uncle, who is seventy years old, works on a farm.
(特点：When an independent clause and a dependent clause are joined together; they form one complex sentence.
复杂句是由一个独立的句子加一个从句构成的。)
China is a country that its history is very long.
China is a country. (独立句子)
That its history is very long (从句)
IV. 复杂句+复合句（Compound sentence+ Complex sentence）
Studying English is important because a lot of jobs need
people know English; moreover, learning English helps
people understand other country’s culture.
整体看，这是一个由 moreover 连接的复合句，前后两句都在谈论学英语的重要性， 两个独立完整的句子。但第一句话中又包含了一个由because 引导的从句。
你知道英语中最常用的句型是什么句子吗？ 复杂句 (complex)。
My American teacher said,” The most common sentence pattern is complex sentence, because language reflects life.”
为什么不是复合句呢？
She said, “How many things are equal in our life?”