知识点：《rarely》收集：滑侍杏编辑：茉莉花仙子
本知识点包括：1、seldom,rarely,scarcely,hardly,barely有什么区别 2、rarely，seldom的用法（放在句首的部分倒装以及反... 3、老师说rarely是完全否定，和hardly一样都是完全否... 4、rarely放句首如何造句 5、一个英语问题 。
rarely ad.意为“ 很少”,与seldom用法相同；hardly ad.意为“几乎不,简直不”,与scarcely用法相同.rarely,hardly均为否定词,置于句首时语序要倒装.
Rarely/Seldom have I heard such a strange story.
Hardly/Scarcely had I left home when it began to rain.
rarely,很少地,难得地,少见地
seldom,表示频率,很少,不常,反义词often
hardly 几乎不,简直不= almost not ,强调困难
scarcely = hardly 几乎不,简直没有,仅仅,刚刚,用在be/助动词后,强调数量和程度的不足
barely 仅仅,刚刚,几乎不能,强调勉强够数
因为要和后面的ing时态呼应.后面是ing时态,前面当然也要用ing.
此外,rarely ever 和hardly ever是没有什么区别的.都是几乎从不的意思.要说区别,只是rarely 和hardly有轻微区别,就是hardly否定的意味更重.
Hardly 和一个否定词在一起的用法在标准英语中应尽量避免,一些批评学家一直怀疑象hardly,rarely 和 scarcely 这样的副词在传统的双重否定的句中应被视为否定词,这样的词使句子象I couldn't hardly see him 和 I didn't get none 一样被弄糟了,他们争论说,毕竟句子Mary hardly laughed 的意思是玛丽的确笑了,而不是她没笑,所以不表示否定的建议.但是hardly 和 scarcely 和其他的否定表示一起在许多方面出现,举例说,他们和象any 和 at all 这样独特的和否定上下文联系的条目组合在一起,我们说I hardly saw him at all 或 I never saw him at all ,但并不是I occasionally saw him at all； 我们说I hardly had any time 或 I didn't have any time 但不是I had any time 等.象其它否定副词,hardly 在句子开头时引起主语和助动词的倒装,于是我们说Hardly had I arrived when she left,和 Never have I read such a book 或 At no time has he condemned the movement.等同样的句型.别的副词并不用这样的倒装：我们不能说Occasionally has he addressed this question 或 To a slight degree have they changed their position .事实是象hardly 这样的副词语义上是否定的,他们限定修饰了与不发生有关的状态或事件.于是hardly 的意思大概是“几乎根本不”； rarely 的意思大概是“实际上没有”；等等.
hard可充当形容词和副词两种角色.用作形容词有“硬的”,“困难的、艰难的”的意思.其中用作“难的”讲时,在口语中与difficult通用.不过,hard一般指精神上,肉体上“困难”,比difficult语气强,而difficult指智力上“困难的”.
【情景例句】
The bed was so hard that it took me a long time to fall asleep.床太硬了,我躺了好一会儿才睡着.
The problem is too hard,I can't work it out.这个问题太难了,我算不出来.
hard也用副词,意为“努力地、刻苦地”,“猛烈地”,注意不要把hardly当作“努力地、刻苦地”来用.hard用作“猛烈地”讲时,同heavily相同.
【情景例句】
He works hard only before exams.他只在考试前努力学习.
It is raining hard outside.You can't go out.外面正下着大雨.你不能出去.
hardly只用作副词,其词义不要与hard(adv.)相混淆.其意思是“几乎不”、“仅仅”、“才”,表示否定概念,常和any连用.hardly any相当于almost no(not).hardly是具有否定意味的词,它不能再与其它否定词一起连用,在由它构成的反意疑问句中,尾句的疑问式须用肯定式.
【情景例句】
Hardly anybody(Almost nobody) came to the meeting.几乎没有人来开会.
He can hardly speak English,can he?他不太会说英语,对吧?
最后还得再提醒你一下,hard与hardly用作副词时,词义可是有很大差别哟.
【情景例句】
He works hard.他努力工作.
He hardly works.他几乎不工作.
hard [hɑ:d]
adj.硬的
adv.努力地
例句:
1.The ground is as hard as stone after the drought.
长期乾旱之后土地硬得就像石头一样.
2.Don't be too hard on her she's very young.
别对她太严了－－她还小呢.
3.They work very hard.
他们工作非常努力.
用法：
1.be hard on sb 严格对待或严厉批评某人
2.be hard for sb to do sth 难做的; 难懂的; 难答的; 困难的:
hardly
adv.
1.刚刚; 仅仅:
* I hardly know her.我不怎麽认识她.
* We had hardly begun/Hardly had we begun our walk when it began to rain.我们刚一举步就下起雨来了.
* I'm so tired I can hardly (ie only with difficulty) stay awake.我疲倦得简直昏昏欲睡.
2.(用以表示某事未必能发生、 不大可能发生或不合情理):
* He can hardly (ie cannot possibly) have arrived yet.他大概还没有到.
* You can hardly expect me to lend you money again.你可别指望我再借给你钱.
3.几乎没有; 几乎不:
* There's hardly any coal left.几乎没有煤了.
* Hardly anybody (ie Very few people) came.几乎没有什麽人来.
* He hardly ever (ie very seldom) goes to bed before midnight.他很少在午夜以前就寝.
* I need hardly say (ie It is almost unnecessary for me to say) that I was very upset.无庸赘言,我心乱如麻.
提示：rarely,很少地，难得地，少见地seldom,表示频率，很少，不常，反义词oftenhardly 几乎不，简直不= almost not ,强调困难scarcely = hardly 几乎不，简直没有，仅仅，刚刚,用在be/助动词后，强调数量和程度的不足barely 仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能，强...
提示：1) rarely 和 seldom 都属于否定副词，如果提前到句首，主谓语需要倒装。例如： ～Soldom did money do anyone seem very botheredabout levels of expenditure. 似乎很难见到有人为花费而烦心。 ～Ve...
提示：老师说的是对的，在反义疑问句里，都是否定
提示：rarely放句首如何造句 Rarely did he fail to keep his promise. 他真的很难得失信。 Rarely did she request help but this was a matter of urgency. 她很少求助於人，这事却是十分紧急。 Rarely 位于句首,后面句子要用部分倒装。类似的词还有...
提示：1 Rarely is she here alone == Rarely does she come here alone. ---------部分倒装 ,否定词开头,需要用部分倒装。few, little, never, ...